A buyer asks for something after contract. A superintendent says yes, because saying no costs a relationship. Somebody writes it up later, or does not. The trade invoices for it either way.
Two hundred and seventy-nine of four hundred and fifty buyers take at least one change order. Eight and a half per cent of that scope is built and never billed.
Margin on what does get billed runs 11.4% against a policy of 26%, which is the second gap and the one nobody has measured, because change orders are priced by whoever is standing there.
The model joins every buyer request to the variance order it triggered and the invoice that settled it, and names the home and the trade on every unbilled line.
Built, never reached an invoice. The only line in the segment that turns into cash inside a quarter.
Billed at 11.4% against a 26% policy. Part competitive, part nobody knowing the policy.
Buyer-initiated variance orders handed here by the purchasing model rather than claimed there.
Priced at whatever the trade had already charged, because the negotiating position was gone.
The rest of this model — the data sets it runs on, the cause split, the working behind the reference figure and a sample output — goes out by email. Two fields, nothing else.