Every warranty reserve already carries a variance band it's assumed to hold within — a number set once a year, and checked against actual claims only at the year-end close. Nobody joins the reserve ledger to claims-by-vintage until the audit, so an over-reserved vintage sits on trapped capital for a year and an under-reserved one lands as a surprise, not a variance a controller could have caught at the quarter.
Every out-of-band vintage compared against the assumption the reserve model already promised. The gap is traced to a driver — trapped capital, an unbudgeted surprise, an audit finding — so a controller can reforecast this quarter, not explain a restatement at the next audit.
Capital held against over-reserved vintages that could be released or redeployed. The largest single driver.
Claims cost on an under-reserved vintage landing as a surprise charge, not a budgeted line.
Fees and hours tied specifically to a reserve-accuracy finding.
Priced separately in the warranty recurrence model. Not double-claimed here.
The rest of this model — the data sets it runs on, the cause split, the working behind the reference figure and a sample output — goes out by email. Two fields, nothing else.